History Topics / Questions / Lesson Notes

Monday, August 25, 2008

How far was social control by the Nazis responsible for Hitler's success in maintaining his rule over Germany?

Note: To tackle this question, you have to address the given factor in the question - i.e. Social Control as means Hitler used to control Germany - before introducing other factors which Hitler had used to exert control over Germany.

Under SOCIAL CONTROL:

Education
- Hitler exerted his social control through education. All aspects of education were tightly controlled by the Nazis, from teachers to curriculum. Boys and girls were made to do different programmes of lessons. All lessons and training were geared towards promoting loyalty to Hitler and the Nazi State, and to subjugate inferior races such as the Jews.

Children and Youth
- Hitler and the Nazi wanted people to follow them willingly and to absolutely believe in Nazi propaganda. To ensure this, the Nazis tried to control childrens’ lives from the moment they were born. Mothers were told to influence their children with toys that reflected their future – either as soldiers or mothers. Even colouring books had pictures of Hitler playing with little children and rhymes that stressed how children should love the Fuhrer. Youths were made to join youth organizations which had programmes aimed at developing loyalty to Hitler and the Nazi Party.

Churches
- Hitler also controlled churches which transmitted Nazi propaganda / ideas.


Other Factors

Use of propaganda
- Nazis made careful use of propaganda to maintain their hold on the German people. From simple repetitions of the slogan ‘work and bread’ and using wordslike ‘we’ and our’, to total media control and tight censorship, the Nazis were able to make people worship Hitler blindly and believe the lies they were exposed to. These measures ensured Hitler’s paramount control of Germany.

Use of fear and intimidation
- Hitler practised violent suppression and persecution to garner support and quelled criticisms and opposition.
- The use of intimidation and violence was achieved by his armies, the SA and the SS, his secret police (Gestapo), which were used to terrorise everyone into supporting him.
- Hitler also used law courts and unfair trials to remove anyone who opposed him.
- Hitler’s extensive network of spies made many Germans live in fear, as one would never know if his/her neighbours or colleagues, family or friends were Nazi informants paid to betray them.
- Examples of such uses of fear and intimidation are the arrests during the Night of the Broken Glass, Crystal Night, arrest of Pastor Martin Niemoller, and the Jewish Holocaust.
- This fear of being sent to concentration camps, being killed or arrested compelled the German people to obey the Nazi regime.

Economic Control
- Hitler’s Four-Year Plan for the economy emphasised on rearmament and industrialisation. He was able to reduce unemployment caused by the Great Depression.
- Hitler also banned trade unions which were a possible source of opposition to Nazi control. Instead, everyone was made to join the German Labour Front (DAF), the Nazi version of a trade union. DAF was able to educate all Germans at work in support of the national Socialist state and to indoctrinate them with the national Socialist State mentality.
- DAF also organized various programmes to improve working conditions, like Beauty or Labour, Strength through Joy. Such programmes were aimed at making people spend as much time as possible in large Nazi-organised groups. All these measures ensured Hitler had full control of Germany.

There are others factors you can include. Also, you should learn reorganised these factors - either under long-term/short-terms impacts or the category of Social/Political/Economic/Military - so that your answers would be more concised and effective.

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